What happens to the stator winding of a single-phase motor when voltage is applied?

When voltage is applied to the stator winding of a single-phase motor, the correct outcome is that it remains stationary. This occurs because single-phase motors do not generate a rotating magnetic field by themselves. Instead, they create an oscillating magnetic field. In the absence of a second phase or specific starting mechanisms, there is no initial torque to cause rotation, leading to the stator not moving.

In practice, for a single-phase motor to start rotating, it typically requires additional components, such as a starting capacitor or a phase-splitting mechanism, which can create the necessary torque to initiate movement. Once these components engage, the motor will then be able to start rotating after a brief delay as it overcomes inertia. This clarifies why the other options, which imply immediate or active motion of the stator winding, do not accurately represent the operation of single-phase motors.