The distance an arc can jump between surfaces depends on what factor?

The distance an arc can jump between surfaces is primarily influenced by the voltage present. Higher voltages create a stronger electric field between two conductive surfaces, which allows the arc to jump a greater distance. This phenomenon occurs because the electric field strength must exceed the breakdown voltage of the air or insulation material between the surfaces for the arc to initiate.

In contrast, while the amperage of the load, dry-bulb temperature of the air, and the composition of the surfaces may have roles in the overall characteristics of the arc or how it behaves, they do not directly determine the distance the arc can travel. The critical factor is the voltage, as it directly influences the conditions necessary for the arc to form and extend between the two points.